Problem Statement

A multinational company with several business units is moving its operations to the cloud. It needs a secure way to control access to sensitive data and applications for a globally distributed workforce spread across multiple cloud platforms — including strong authentication, fine-grained access controls, and integration with systems still running on-premises. Which option offers a cloud-based identity and access management (IAM) solution with fine-grained access control, strong authentication, and on-premises system integration? Implement a cloud IAM like Azure Active Directory or AWS IAM, integrate with on-premises systems via federation, enforce MFA and conditional access, and automate user management with IGA tools. Build a custom IAM solution in-house, use basic password authentication, manually integrate with on-premises systems, and manually manage user lifecycles. Deploy separate IAM systems for each cloud platform, apply uniform access policies, manually sync with on-premises